英语语法要点大全： 名词性从句
英语语法要点大全： 名词性从句
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在句子中取名字词用途的句子叫名词从句 。 名词从句的功能等于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此依据它在句中不一样的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
17.1 引导名词性从句的连接词
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：
连接词：that,whether,if 不充当从句的任何成分)
连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom,
whose, which.
连接副词：when, where, how, why
不可省略的连词：
1. 介词后的连词
2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。
That she was chosen made us very happy.
We heard the news that our team had won.
比较：whether与if 均为是不是的意思。 但在下列状况下，whether 不可以被if 取代：
1. whether引导主语从句并在句首
2. 引导表语从句
3. whether从句作介词宾语
4. 从句后有or not
Whether he will come is not clear.
大多数连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末，用 it充当形式主语。
It is not important who will go.
It is still unknown which team will win the match.
17.2 名词性that-从句
1)由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句。 That只起连接主句和从句有哪些用途，在从句中不担任任何成分，本身也没词义。名词性that-从句在句中能充当主 语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语，比如：
主语：That he is still alive is sheer luck. 他还活着全靠运势。
宾语：John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday. 约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。
表语：The fact is that he has not been seen recently. 事实是近来哪个也没见过他。
同位语：The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.
近来哪个也没见过他，这一事实令办公室所有些人不安。
形容词宾语：I am glad that you are satisfied with your job.
你对工作认可我感到非常高兴。
2)That-从句作主语一般用it作先行词，而将that-从句置于句末，比如：
It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure. 非常了解，整个计划注定要失败。
Its a pity that you should have to leave. 你非走不可真是件憾事。
用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不一样的搭配关系：
a. It + be +形容词+ that-从句
It is necessary that 有必要
It is important that 要紧的是
It is obvious that 非常明显
b. It + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句
It is believed that 大家相信
It is known to all that 从所周知
It has been decided that 已决定
c. It + be +名词+ that-从句
It is common knowledge that 是知识
It is a surprise that 让人惊奇的是
It is a fact that 事实是
d. It +不及物动词+ that-分句
It appears that 好像
It happens that 碰巧
It occurred to me that 我忽然想起
17.3 名词性wh-从句
1)由wh-词引导的名词从句叫做名词性wh-从句。Wh-词包含who, whom,. whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等连接代词和where, when, how, why等连接副词。Wh-从句的语法功能除去和that-从句一样外，还可充当介词宾语、宾语补语和间接宾语等，比如：
主语： How the book will sell depends on its author. 书销售怎么样取决于作者本人。
直接宾语：In ones own home one can do what one likes. 在自家可以随性。
间接宾语：The club will give whoever wins a prize.
会所将给得胜者设奖。
表语： My question is who will take over president of the Foundation. 我的问题是哪个将接任该基金会主席职位。
宾语补足语：She will name him whatever she wants to. 她开心给他起什么名字就取什么名字。
同位语： I have no idea when he will return.
我不了解他什么时间回来。
形容词宾语：Im not sure why she refused their invitation. 我尚不可以一定她为何拒绝他们的邀请。
介词宾语： That depends on where we shall go.
那取决于大家到哪里。
2)Wh-从句作主语也常用先行词it做形式主语，而将wh-从句置于句末，比如：
It is not yet decided who will do that job.
还没有决定哪个做这项工作。
It remains unknown when they are going to get married. 他们何时结婚依旧不明。
17.4 if, whether引导的名词从句
1)yes-no型疑问从句
从属连词if, whether引导的名词从句是由通常疑问句或选择疑问转化而来的，因此也分别被叫做yes-no型疑问句从句和选择型疑问从句，其功能和wh-从句的功能相同， 比如：
主语：Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved. 这一计划是不是可行还有等证实。
宾语：Let us know whether / if you can finish the article before Friday. 请让大家了解你是不是能在星期五以前把文章写完。
表语：The point is whether we should lend him the money. 问题在于大家是不是应该借钱给他。
同位语：They are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy. 他们调查他是不是值得信任。
形容词宾语： Shes doubtful whether we shall be able to come. 她怀疑大家是不是可以前来。
介词宾语： I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness. 我担忧他是不是能度过疾病的危险期。
2)选择性疑问从句
选择性疑问从句由关联词if/whetheror或whetheor not构成，比如：
Please tell me whether / if they are Swedish or Danish. 请告诉我他们是瑞典人还是丹麦人。
I dont care whether you like the plan or not.我不在乎你是不是喜欢该计划。
17.5 否定转移
1) 将think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用一定式。
I dont think I know you. 我想我并不认识你。
I don t believe he will come. 我相信他不回来。
注意：若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不可以转移。
I hope you werent ill. 我想你没生病吧。
2) 将seem, appear 等后的从句的否定转移到前面。
It doesnt seem that they know where to go.
看来他们不了解往哪去。
It doesnt appear that well have a sunny day tomorrow.
看来大家明天不会碰上好天气。
3) 有时将动名词，介词短语或整个从句的否定转变为对谓语动词的否定。
I dont remember having ever seen such a man.
我记得从未见过如此一个人。
Its not a place where anyone would expect to see strange characters on the street.
在这里，大家不会想到在街上会碰上陌生的人。
4) 有时状语或状语从句中否定可以转移到谓语动词前。
The ant is not gathering this for itself alone. 蚂蚁不仅仅是为自己采食。
He was not ready to believe something just because Aristotle said so. 他并不因亚里斯多德说过怎么样怎么样，就轻信此事。
She had not been married many weeks when that mans younger brother saw her and was struck by her beauty. 她结婚还不到几个月，这个人的弟弟就看见她了，并对她的美貌着了迷。
